Classification of Folk Dance-Songs of Garhwal by Dr Shivanand Nautiyal-2

[“गढ़वाल के लोक नृत्य गीत” डॉ शिवानन्द नौटियाल द्वारा लिखी हुई एक महत्वपूर्ण पुस्तक है। इसी पुस्तक की समीक्षा श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी द्वारा की गयी है। इस पुस्तक समीक्षा को एक श्रंखला के रूप में प्रकाशित कर रहे हैं। इस श्रंखला के माध्यम से आप उत्तराखंड-गढ़वाल के सांस्क़ृतिक परिदृशय से भी परिचित होंगे।- प्रबंधक]

प्रस्तुत है दूसरा भाग। [पहला भाग यहाँ पढ़ें]

Taxonomy by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna (1954): Analysis of Garhwali folk songs started by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna.Dhunyal (1954) is first work of analyzing and classifying the Garhwali Folk Song. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna classified Garhwali Folk Songs on the following types:

1-Mangal (auspicious songs)

2-Kula char (Introducing and description of family tree)

3-Panwada (praising achievers)

4-Khuded (sad song)

5-Jagar (Awakening songs sung in Ghadela)

6-Tantra Mantra

7-Hori (Humrous and sung at Holi time)

8-Chakhulya (Personification of animals)

9-Naya Geet (New)

The main flaw on this classification is that it is not analyzed on scientific basis but on conventional basis.

Classification of Folk Songs by Dr Govind Chatak: Dr Shivanand Nautiyal appreciated the initiation of Dr Govind Chatak for his collection, classification and popularizing Garhwal Folk Songs among Garhwalis and non-Garhwali literate intellectuals and regional language experts. Dr Nautiyal provided the reference of classification of Garhwali folk Songs by Dr Govind Chatak as :

1-Puja geet or songs of praying deities and goddesses

2-Mangal or auspicious songs

3-Prem, Rup, Ras or Love songs

4-Chhpati

5-Lman

6-Vasanti

7-Bajuband

8-Dampatya Jeewan or songs related to family life

9-Khuded Geet or Sad Songs

10-Chhuda

11-Samajik

12-Vividh or others

Dr Govind Chatak divides poetic folklore (Lok Gathayen) into:

1-Jagar Vartayen or religious folk lore

2-Panwade or chivalry folk lore

3-chaiti or love folk lore

Classification by Dr Mohan Babulakar: Dr Babular (1967) classified Garhwal Folk Song as below in his famous boo ‘ Garhwali Lok Sahitya ka Vivechanatmak Adhyayan’ :

1-Sanskaron ke geet

2-Devi Devta stuti , Tyoharon ke Geet

3-Khuded geet

4-Ritu (season) and Virah (pain of separation)

5-samuhik Gey geet (group or community songs)

6-Tantra Mantra Geet

7-Laghu geet (short songs)

8-jatiyon ke geet (songs created and sung by specific class)

Classification by Dr Hari Datt Bhatt ‘Shalilesh: In his book ‘Garhwali Bhasa aur uska Sahitya’, (1964)D Bhatt categories the folk songs of Garhwal into following categories:

1-Mangal: k-Awhahan Geet. Kh-Puja geet, G-Vivah Geet, H-Loriyan (very rare),

2-Jhumailo: (sad and Love songs): K-Jhumailo, Kh-Chhopati, G-Laman

3-Thadya ya Vasanti geet 1- Vasnti 2-Hori

4-Bajuband (Rhymical dialogues)

5-Chaufala ( Achieving right objectives, ambitions, economical benefits and final solutions)

6-Khded geet

7-Kulachar

8-Chaumasa (Songs of rainy season)

9-Baramasa (songs for every season)

10-par Updeshatmak (Inspirational)

11- Samayik (Songs of contemporary subject or happenings by Badis)

12-Rashtriya geet (Patriotic songs)

Classification of Dance-Song (Garhwal ke nrityatmak lokgeeton ka sarvexnatmak vargeekaran) : Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal opinioned with logical investigation that the classification of folk dance-song by Govind Chatak another profound expert is insufficient and finds that the classifications by renowned experts of Indian folk songs and dances as Projesh Benerji, D Samar, Shyam Parmar , laxmi Narayan Garg do not fit with Garhwali folk dance-songs.

Nautiyal provides opinion that the following classification of Mohan Babulkar is comprehensive but strongly opposes the certain interpretation of Mohan Babulkar about Narsingh, Nagraja, Bhairon, Bhagvati, Hntya are individualistic dance- song and not community folk dance-song.

1- Religious Garhwali dance-songs: Babulkar has opinion that only pandav dance-songs come under the category of Religious Garhwali folk Dance-Songs and under this category, arjun, Bhima, Ydhisther, Nakul, Shadev, Kunti draupadi dance-songs could be included

2-Community Folk Dance-Songs by professional class: Bbabulkar classifies this class into Badi-Badan and Lang dances-songs

3-Non Religious Folk Dance-Songs: According to Babulkar, there are two types of dance-songs –Thadya and Chaufula.

In the following lines, Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal provided another logical and scientific classification derived from his earlier classification in 1964. He provides the references that experts as Hari Datt Bhatt ‘Shailesh‘, A B Bahuguna and Govind ‘Chatak’ support his classification of Garhwali folk dance-songs.

Book Details
Uttarakhand-Garhwal Ke Lok Nritya Geet
By Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal
Published by :

Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
Prayag, Allahabad, Uttarapradesh, India
Year of Publication : 1981